Crimes and criminal law

Table of Contents Introduction Crimes against the Person: Murder Crimes against the person: Violence Common Law Defenses Conclusion Reference List Introduction There are various types of crimes committed around the world ranging from economical, political, social and crimes against humanity just to name but a few. In order to deal with these crimes and ensure a secure world, different countries have enacted laws regarding to the crimes in their constitutions. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Crimes and criminal law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, facts on crimes and decisions of the judge is referenced from the constitution, which prescribes the nature and extend of the punishment or fine awarded to an individual found guilty of an offense . As a basic revelation to a world often simplified by many, the detailed explanations delved into prove a sure way to pass some real practical and cri tical thinking putting one ahead of the populous concerning common law trivialities. It is in this light that, taking a look at the most known yet controversial subjects in the constitution and criminal law will in no way become an effort in futility. The paper seeks to address the issue of crimes against persons ranging from murder to violence further highlighting on common law defenses. Crimes against the Person: Murder There exist various crimes considered as against humanity or persons. One of such crime is murder. Constitution defines murder as an unlawful killing of another person with ‘malice aforethought’. As one of the most reported crimes, its statistics are well documented. Different countries further classify murder in different forms as entrenched in their land laws. First-degree murder being a one to one murder in which a death sentence is administered. Nevertheless, for one to be convicted of murder, there stands the need for a prove beyond reasonable d oubt that one intentionally killed a fellow human by means of lying in wait for their victim, poisoning or by any other premeditated action. Other states however stretch the description to include special circumstances such as killing a law enforcement officer, a witness to a crime, a judge and/or where he/she kills more than one person. Murder in the first degree usually carries a death penalty in the states that include capital punishment in their set of rules and a life imprisonment sometimes without the possibility of parole in those that do not. The other form of murder is felony murder also referred to as second-degree murder. The crime covers those who conspire to commit murder also when â€Å"killing occurs in about or as part of an underlying transaction† (Alison Lawrence, 1993, p.58). One of the parties in the conspiracy has to attempt to carry out the crime for a conviction to occur. Advertising Looking for research paper on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The punishment for this crime varies from state to state: most often a life sentence and in some cases long prison sentences. Worthy of note is the fact that some first-degree murders considered as ‘regular’ might fall under this category. Another example of a crime against humanity is manslaughter. In such cases, there stands the need for sufficient evidence from the accused to prove that the death of a person was not murder but manslaughter. Manslaughter, though a murder, the accused faces slightly lenient punishment as opposed to murder because manslaughter refers to a situation where killing proves unintentional. It can be voluntary or involuntary. Manslaughter is punishable by prison sentences, which may vary in length. Sometimes acquittal proves the case especially when the act turns involuntary. Other classifications of murder include infanticide and suicide. Infanticide I results when an infant is killed within twenty-four hours of it being birthed. The perpetrator is usually the mother. In the past, this was classified as homicide but in the recent past legislation has been sought to distance it from homicide and make it a separate crime with a lesser prison sentence for the mother. Suicide however proves a bit tricky because most of the times it involves a person taking their own life, thereby making it hard for a conviction. It may also take other forms such as a suicide pact and mass suicide both of which are handled differently depending on the legislation put in place. Familiarizing oneself with what each murder entails is vital to avoid unnecessary generalization without considering the grounds in which it occurred. Crimes against the person: Violence Crime against a person or rather violence forms one of the forms of crimes that cause physical harm to the victims either visible or invisible. Violent crimes may take various forms all the way from assault to rape and child molestation. According to Allison and Lawrence (1993, p.43) rape proves one of the most controversial and misunderstood form of violence against humanity. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Crimes and criminal law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In rape, victims are forced to engage in sexual act without their consent. Rape proves a difficult crime to prosecute and obtain conviction because of the difficulty involved in ascertaining the level of force used by the attacker even in the presence of DNA evidence (Wright Scott, 1997, p.232). It gets even harder if the victim knows the attacker or they both had a prior relationship. Nevertheless, measures have been put in place to ensure that victims are not subjected to the stigmatization when they seek justice. For example, â€Å"shield laws†, initiated in the 1990 has ensured that victims do not take part in court proceedings (Davenport, 200 9, p.20). The accused in rape cases usually defend themselves that the sexual act was consented. Other violent crimes are those committed to the innocent and defenseless. They take the form of child abuse and neglect, child molestation and child pornography. All respective states have taken it upon themselves to put in place bulletproof legislation to protect the rights of children. One of such initiatives is a law allowing listing and closely monitoring all known sex offenders (The Wetterling Act). The internet has also proved to be quite a playground for sex predators prompting a number of amendments to the existing laws in order to keep up with these developments. Another common form of violence is that of domestic nature. Domestic violence refers to an abusive behavior from either partner in an intimate relationship including friends, family members or cohabitation. Very few cases of this form of violence are reported as statistics put the figures under 2 per cent. Given a num ber of cases degenerate to spousal homicide, the laws put in place against this vice are designed to encourage the victims break their silence before it’s too late for example the advent of mandatory arrest leading to more prosecutions (Lawrence, 1992, p. 23). Assault is another form of violence charged in the courts. American common law defines assault as attempting to carry out battery. It is usually a misdemeanor unless there is a police officer involved in which case it is aggravated to a felony. Some jurisdictions define assault as a physical contact with another person without his/her consent (Smith, 2009, p. 402). The crime of assault requires both perpetrator and victim to be human and in cases where the attack comes from animals, suing for assault is not permitted.Advertising Looking for research paper on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Common Law Defenses The Fifth Amendment guarantees due process to be followed when one is indicted for a crime. A defendant may raise a defense in either civil proceedings or criminal prosecutions to avoid liability. There exist an array of defenses worth putting across to counter accusations leveled against persons and if reasonable, they will see exonerated. One of these is justification defense where the said act is justifiable. For instance, when one argues they did not commit murder rather their actions were in self-defense. However, deadly force can only be in retaliation and one always has the option of withdrawing from the fight. Retreat should be in complete safety if one chooses to do so. The battered woman syndrome (Donald, 1996, p. 32) stands out also as a form of justification defense. When a defendant argues that they committed an act out of serious fear or under duress, then they are raising the duress defense. For this to be the case a defendant must have incurred s erious bodily harm or death, the harm must exceed harm caused by the crime, must have a no way out and must have gotten into the situation through no own fault. Insanity defense is raised when the accused is not liable for their actions were because of mental illness or defect (Anne, 1997, p. 597). It may also take the form of temporary insanity where the accused acts on an irresistible impulse charge. It may be hard to convince a jury of this defense due to the likelihood of misuse and the complexities that abound. Other common law defenses include capacity defense where lack of capacity to control one’s actions is argued, infancy defense to be raised by minors who argue their inability to tell right from wrong, intoxication defense raised by those who agree to have been voluntarily intoxicated when committing an act. Competency to stand trial defense ensures defendants permanently or temporarily avoid trial if they have health issues Conclusion In conclusion, crime and cr iminal law stands out as a wide area of study. There exists different types of crimes and every country has set up its own rules and punishments against different crimes committed in its territories. It is of a paramount importance that citizens understand nitty-gritty of these in order to stand a better chance when these crimes are committed against them. Reference List Allison, J., Lawrence, W. (1993). Rape: The Misunderstood Crime. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Anne, M. (1997). Criminal Law. New York: The Foundation Press. Davenport, A.U. (2009). Basic criminal law: The constitution, procedure, and crimes. Upper Saddle River: Pearson. Donald, A. (1996). More than Victims: Battered Women, the Syndrome Society, and the Law (Morality and Society Series). Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. Lawrence, S. (1992). Policing Domestic Violence. New York: Free Press Smith, H. (2009). Criminal Law, 9th Ed. New York: Oxford university press. Wright, R., Scott, D. (1997). Armed Robbers in Action : Stickups and Street Culture. Boston: Northeastern University Press. This research paper on Crimes and criminal law was written and submitted by user Braylee Conley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Hemmingway - Review

Hemmingway’s characteristics: no dialog tags, realistic, lifelike speech, uses some figurative language, easy to understand, simple yet deeper meanings, lots of sarcasm- hard-boiled, masculine style, lots of ands, very blunt, downplays death, emphasis on violence and war, contrasts, deals with common man, descriptive imagery, uses nature, reversed order, repetition and parallelism, staccato Hemmingway Short Stories Clean Well-Lighted Place: Characters: Old man, two waiters Themes: money is the only thing of importance, Old waiter is the Hemmingway hero, he doesn’t want to go to sleep because sleep=death. Short choppy sentences, no dialog tags. Lord’s prayer with Nada. Emphasis on cleanliness and light. Cat in the Rain: very few nametags, understatements, short, choppy sentences. Girl wants a different life; unsatisfied, wants children, wants femininity. Lots of tension. George is husband; not a bad guy. Hotelkeeper, maid. Indian Camp: short choppy sentences, no tags, old person vs. young person, emphasis on action, Father vs. Nick, distinction. â€Å"But her screams are not important, I don’t hear them because they’re not important†; â€Å"is dying hard?† â€Å"†¦he felt quite sure that he would never die† The Short Happy Life: Macomber, his wife, Robert Wilson. Married 11 years; Wife, Margaret. endorsed a beauty product which she had never used. Wilson-hunter, sandy hair, red face, Stetson hat. â€Å"Distinguished consideration†. Lots of tension. Wife kills him. Snows of Kilimanjaro: sarcasm and cynicism; Death, truck broke down, they’re on a plain; vultures waiting to eat them; she wants to comfort him but he’s not letting her; he is giving up; he is not a Hemmingway hero because they never quit; flashback to Christmas and blizzard; Harry, â€Å"He had loved too much, demanded too much, and he wore it all out†, â€Å"rich bitch†, â€Å"and just then it occurred to him that he was going to die†. 2nd fl... Free Essays on Hemmingway - Review Free Essays on Hemmingway - Review Hemmingway’s characteristics: no dialog tags, realistic, lifelike speech, uses some figurative language, easy to understand, simple yet deeper meanings, lots of sarcasm- hard-boiled, masculine style, lots of ands, very blunt, downplays death, emphasis on violence and war, contrasts, deals with common man, descriptive imagery, uses nature, reversed order, repetition and parallelism, staccato Hemmingway Short Stories Clean Well-Lighted Place: Characters: Old man, two waiters Themes: money is the only thing of importance, Old waiter is the Hemmingway hero, he doesn’t want to go to sleep because sleep=death. Short choppy sentences, no dialog tags. Lord’s prayer with Nada. Emphasis on cleanliness and light. Cat in the Rain: very few nametags, understatements, short, choppy sentences. Girl wants a different life; unsatisfied, wants children, wants femininity. Lots of tension. George is husband; not a bad guy. Hotelkeeper, maid. Indian Camp: short choppy sentences, no tags, old person vs. young person, emphasis on action, Father vs. Nick, distinction. â€Å"But her screams are not important, I don’t hear them because they’re not important†; â€Å"is dying hard?† â€Å"†¦he felt quite sure that he would never die† The Short Happy Life: Macomber, his wife, Robert Wilson. Married 11 years; Wife, Margaret. endorsed a beauty product which she had never used. Wilson-hunter, sandy hair, red face, Stetson hat. â€Å"Distinguished consideration†. Lots of tension. Wife kills him. Snows of Kilimanjaro: sarcasm and cynicism; Death, truck broke down, they’re on a plain; vultures waiting to eat them; she wants to comfort him but he’s not letting her; he is giving up; he is not a Hemmingway hero because they never quit; flashback to Christmas and blizzard; Harry, â€Å"He had loved too much, demanded too much, and he wore it all out†, â€Å"rich bitch†, â€Å"and just then it occurred to him that he was going to die†. 2nd fl...

Spotify highlights Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spotify highlights - Article Example New songs that have been released need to be promoted for people to listen. Spotify creates awareness for those songs in so doing the song can become a trending song and a benefit to both the artist and Spotify as a whole. For instance, the use of YouTube to promote new songs has enhanced the accessibility of songs and rating. Artists are paid depending on the number of views a song has attracted. The song â€Å"The blacker the berry† by Kendrick Lamar is nice and not all his fan were able to grab an audio copy of the song. On YouTube the song, it had three million views in a span of one day. This clearly shows social media has an influential capacity to songs. The reason Spotify has added users rapidly is because of its tie-ups with social media sites (Bostrà ¶m, Raoul, Kieran, Bidisha, Juan, and Skee, 2). Social media is the marketing platform for Spotify and, therefore, will require its users to own a social media account. 75% of Americans own a social media account, and this is beneficial for Spotify in creating awareness for new songs across different age-group. Communicating with the users need to be two-way traffic a feature that is supported by the social medias. For instance, a dislike or a like from the consumer side is easily shared using on-line platform. Spotify has capitalized on Facebook and tweeter as an on-line platform to share opinions from either side. Opinions and suggestions from users make it easy for Spotify to identify the areas which they need to improve for better service delivery. Artists whose songs are in YouTube will read reviews from their fans and spot area that needs improvement or in some cases listeners appreciate the work of the

Business Systems Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8750 words

Business Systems - Coursework Example Design approach 17 Assumptions 18 Technical Development Environment 18 User Interface 20 Support issues 27 Cutover strategy 29 Training issues 32 Data conversion 33 Test Plan 35 Test cases 37 b.Integrity controls 38 User documentation/Help 39 Network design 39 Security issues 41 Project progress 43 Gantt chart 43 Brief discussion 44 Introduction Document Purpose The idea of this paper is to incarcerate the blueprint of the innovative system. Once approved by the key stakeholders, systems development will proceed in accordance with this design and the deliverable will be more than promised. Project Objective The objective of this project is to develop and implement a new computerized software product for Classic Hire Equipment Rental Company that would provide the following benefits: Provide highly revamped computerized systems for its 100 franchises Better interface with customers with the new system Reduced data duplication Better networking Better brand creation in the market Better use of resources Better use of information for customer tracking and growth Better payment facilities with respect to both customers and service providers Report generation for management purposes and tracking resources Finally to track the satisfaction level of the customers with ease for future betterment and prosperity. Non - Functional Requirements Project scope The proposed software application is designed to cater to the Classic Hire firm for its hiring equipments to customers. It starts with the very approach of a customer for service and handles all the resources including people in the process and ends with the return of equipment and final transaction with the customer. It can be termed as customer-to-customer service. It caters to customer request for...We will be pleased to discuss any issue concerning our analysis and design for your acceptance and successful implementation of the system at your end. It starts with the very approach of a customer for service and handles all the resources including people in the process and ends with the return of equipment and final transaction with the customer. It can be termed as customer-to-customer service. It caters to customer request for service, processing of the request, handling the equipment transfer process and finally transaction handling process. These are the broad categories of business functions of Classic Hire which the system envelopes in its road to creation and implementation. Description: The customer fills up this form once he is into the system and before he avails the services of Classic Hire. The rating of the customer is checked and he is then taken to the secured environment to get the equipment of his choice. The rating forms a very important part as this would guarantee whether the customer will be allowed to access the services of the company or not. Description: A form which shows the hire agreement detailing a single hire transaction for an individual customer. It has a section for the customer to sign agreeing to the conditions of the hire company policies.

Topic related to child or adolescent development Term Paper

Topic related to child or adolescent development - Term Paper Example As such, they make poor decisions that may lead to life-threatening consequences, which include premature sexual intercourse, premature pregnancies, sexual molestation, transmission of STDs, and abortions. Peer pressure, media influence, lack of enough preparation and guidance on responsible sexual behavior, drug and substance abuse, and curiosity fosters sexual activities during adolescent sexual development. Statistics show that most adolescents in America are prone to sexual intercourse, STDs, unprotected sex, premature pregnancies, sexual molestations, and carryout abortions. Parents, educators, policy makers, and medical practitioners can help adolescents to make wise sexual decisions. The provision of accurate sex information, parental guidance, sex education, national programs, and relevant legislations can address this problem. Young people face numerous challenges from adolescent sexuality. Indeed, all adolescents are prone to sexuality issues at this stage. These challenges relate to adjusting to the new body appearance and dealing with the functionality of the sexually maturing body. Adolescents also face challenges in dealing with the emerging sexual desires, sexual attitudes, and values. Moreover, adolescent sexuality poses another challenge as adolescents develop new sexual behaviors, integrate sexual feelings, and seek to identify themselves in the new experience (Crocket et al, 2003). The challenge posed by adolescent sexual development emanates from the strange excitement of sexual arousal, the attention connected to being sexually attractive, and the new level of physical intimacy, and psychological vulnerability created by sexual encounters (Crocket et al, 2003). Notably, social and cultural background and environment determines how adolescents respond adolescent sexuality. The effects of adoles cent sexual development derive significant problems to the young people and the society. Ideally, the fact that

Definition Of Inclusion And How It Defers To Integration

Definition Of Inclusion And How It Defers To Integration Inclusion and Integration are there to help those children who have Special Needs. In simple terms they are there for the provision of the children. Yet, at the same time both of them are very different. According to the government the term Inclusion is defined as The department for Education and Employment Green Paper (DfEE, 1997) explains that Inclusion is a process, not a fixed state..meaning not only that pupils with education needs should wherever possible receive their education in a mainstream school, but also that they should join fully with their peers in the curriculum and life of the school. Yet in contrast to Inclusion, Integration is different. According to Simmons et al 2007, defines that integration is where the child must adapt to its schools, and there will be no assumption that the school will be able to help. The differences between inclusion and integration   INTEGRATION INCLUSION Emphasises needs of Special Students Emphasises rights of all students  Ã‚   Changing or remedying the subject Changing the school Benefits to the student with special needs of being integrated  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benefits to all students of including all Professionals, specialist expertise and formal support  Ã‚   Informal support and the expertise of mainstream teachers Good teaching for all   (ibid) As you can see, in the table above it explains the difference of how inclusion and integration works. This shows that inclusion emphasis on the children whereas, integration does not. Yet at the same time both terms are there for the beneficial of children with SEN. This is causing issues on which to follow. According to Ainscow et al. (2006), informs us that the definition of inclusion is not clearly defined. This is also supported by Topping and Maloney (2005), who also argue that inclusion in its broadest sense refers to the acceptance of all individual in the society by accepting and respecting those who made positive contribution. However, it seems that there is not a clear definition on the term inclusion as different theories have different ideas. Nutbrown and Clough (2006, p12) explains that Inclusion is an approach to education and childcare according to inclusive values rather than a concern with particular group of children and young people. Also a similar approach to them is done by Simone Aspis 2004, who explains that Inclusive education should create opportunities for all learners to work together. It requires recognition that learning in enhanced when individuals of different abilities, skills and aspiration can work together in a joint enterprise. (Aspis, 2004 p129) According to Darlington 2003 believes that inclusion is defined as a process and not a state, that inclusion in not very simple concept restricted to issues of placement key principles are valuing diversity, entitlement individual needs and equal opportunities. (Darlington 2003 p3) Yet a different approach by Mittler 2000, defines that inclusion requires the transformation of learning context: where it involves a process of reform and reshaping of the whole school as whole. Another definition of inclusion is from Florida University 2002, who also give an understanding to inclusion, although it is taken from Florida University and that the states have different meaning, this one was similar to the ones that the UK uses. Inclusion is an effort to make sure students with disabilities go to school along with their friends and neighbours while also receiving whatever, Specially designed instruction and support they need to achieve high standards and succeed as learners. (http://www.cpeip.fsu.edu/resourceFiles/resourceFile_18.pdf) Another approach to inclusion is from autism independent 2006, which also have the same approach towards inclusion that the other authors have had. And also they have similar ideas that have been focus on as they too have a definition of what they believe. Inclusion is a term coined to describe the philosophical argument that children with mental, physical, or emotional handicaps are entitled to an education within the mainstream of public education. (http://www.autismuk.com/index1sub2a.htm) Yet in contrast to inclusion integration as stated earlier on is different to inclusion. According to Open University 2010, who has an article relating to integration they explain that, Integration was a term used by organizations such as CSIE (originally called the Centre for Studies in Integration in Education) when seeking neighbourhood placements for all students, and implied the need for a student to adapt to the school, rather than for the school to transform its own practices. (http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=397669section=1.3.3) In conclusion, it seems that there are no clear definitions in what the term Inclusion means, as different authors have a different meaning. Although most of them have similar thoughts to what they have said that inclusion is there to help children or individual with special needs. All of the authors acknowledge that the Childs needs come first, and that society should try to accommodate them and try to make them feel wanted. Similar to the social model of disability that society should try to make them feel part of the society and not outcast them. Whereas integration is similar to the medical model of disability where they have acknowledge that the child has a needs and have labelled them that they need help and do nothing to encourage them. This is also supported by Dennis and Gardner who also stated that Inclusion and Integration are similar to the social and medical models. (ibid) Both inclusion and integration explain that the child needs help. Yet one put the child and expects to do the work themselves and the other term supports them and encourages them so that they can go into the world without depending on other peoples help.

The companies were referred to as Texaco

In South Africa there were two companies that were selling shares its the residents.The companies were referred to as Texaco Inc. and Standard Oil Company of California (SOCAL).   The Members of   Interfaith centre that dealt with corporate responsibility   argued that they owned shares in both companies and they were suggesting to terminate their businesses because South Africa was facing political unrest thus their decision to shut down the two companies.Mr. Tim Smith was the Project Director of Interfaith Centre on corporate responsibility.   He was behind the decision of closing the two companies.   In an annual meeting that was held in 1977, it stated that the people of South Africa were being mistreated by the whites who were the minority in the country.The residents human rights were being abused since they were not being given the chance to vote, to trade freely in the country, they were being paid low wages and the blacks were always discriminated against by the wh ites and this issues triggered Mr. Tim Smith to decline to invest in   the country.There were other social crimes that were being experienced by     the residents of the country such as widespread killings, arrests and repression.   These issues continued to affect the human rights of the people of South Africa and thus the level of investment was affected.The Board of Directors of the two companies later agreed that it was reasonable to shut down the two companies due to the abuse of human rights of the residents of South Africa since they contributed to the success of the company and they also enabled the economy of the country to grow.   The Board of Directors urged the government of South Africa to end the crisis so that they could embark on their businesses.(http://164.233.169.104/search?q=cache:-RHK5RrmMQJ)The resolution to close down the two companies was later reviewed by the Board of Directors because they owned an oil company known as Caltex Petroleum Company whi ch was located in the country and was reported to be performing well .   It was reported that the company was owned by the Texaco Inc.   and Standard Oil Company of California (SOCAL) by a rate of 50% shares thus it was impossible for them to leave the business yet it was generating some revenue to the country and the owners were also benefiting from it.They announced that Caltex Company was worth $100 million and the management of the company was planning to expand its refinery plant in Milnerto in South Africa from a capacity of 58,000 barrels a day to a capacity of 108,000 barrels a day and this would increase the supply of oil in South Africa by a rate of 11%, hence it would contribute to greater returns for the country.The management of Texaco and SOCAL resolved to continue with their business besides the political unrest in the country.   They thus urged their stockholders to vote against liquidating their companies .   The management of both companies promised to impr ove the working conditions of its black employees.The Caltex management implemented six principles in its code of conduct.   These were: ensuring that employees were not segregated due to their race; they were equally paid and fairly treated in their   work place.The code of conduct stated that there was a training programme that would be developed and initiated so as to prepare their employers for supervisory, administrative, clerical and technical jobs so as to improve their performance in their activities and hence enable the company to generate as much revenue to the country as possible ( http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story-id=9767615).The management of a company has legal duties besides ensuring high returns for its shareholders.   It has the duty of ensuring   that the employees comply with the employment law so they do not deviate from what they are expected to do.   The employment law states   that the management of the company should not unf airly dismiss its employees from their   work places since they should be given time to defend their cases before being dismissed.The employers are also requested to ensure that they do not discriminate their employees based on their race since this can affect their performance because no employee knew where he or she was born and brought up.In the case of the South Africa there was racial discrimination that was carried out against the black employees and this affected their performance.   In my view companies should implement laws of ensuring that these practices are not carried out so that the performance of a company cannot be affected. (http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story-id=9767615)The management of a company also has the obligation of ensuring that the interests of the company do not go against the interests of the society.   It has been noted that society is the final consumer of the products of the company thus it is important for the management t o ensure that they pay attention to the queries that arise in the community so that they can address the employees’ problems effectively since the success of the company’s depend on the employees performance hence they need to protect their rights and also they need to be treated fairly.The management of a company has the responsibility of ensuring that the employees are given health insurance schemes because they are responsible for the production of goods and services of the company.   The issuance of health schemes can prevent workers from leaving the work places due to poor working conditions which affects their productivity.The management of a company should train its employees about the activities of the company so that they can learn what they are expected to do.According to the South African case, Reverend Doctor Leon Sullivani   initiated a training programme that would ensure good performance of the company and this programme was implemented in a code of conduct so that their policy would be followed at all times by the employees of a company and this was a positive move since this would increase their productivity since the time would not be wasted on repeating small issues, yet training highlights all activities of the company thus enabling work to be carried out effectively.The management of a company should not look at the law and the rate of return on its investment as the ultimate criteria for deciding what investment it should make because there are other factors that an investor should take into account when deciding on the type of investment that he should carry out such as time value of money that is whether the returns on an investment are required now or in the future.The investor also   considers the capital outline that is required in starting and maintaining a project until the time it starts to generate returns for the company.   Another criteria the management of a company should     consider is that the typ e of industry in which they would like to set up.   The investors should research from the people about what they prefer most so that the management of a company can have a ready market for their goods and services once the industries start to operate.In case of the South African company, the South African government had imposed some restrictions on the company known as Caltex, that it would not supply its oil products to the military or the police of South Africa.   This was a challenge to the company because such restrictions reduced the returns of the company.It was wrong for the South African government to ban the sale of its petroleum products because the companies should sell their products anywhere in the world and to any potential buyer since the returns of the company are also beneficial to the residents since they can be paid better wages by the companies’ returns, the economy of the country can improve due to the corporate taxes that are collected from these co mpanies .In the case of South African companies, Bishop Desmond Tutu’s decision to impose laws that were beneficial to the black workers was a positive move since the government had failed to recognize the employees who contributed to the success of the company.The laws included providing good working condition by ensuring they were properly accommodated with houses that were near their places of work, by recognizing black trading unions and also by recognizing the right of workers and the   allowance of labor mobility, so as to enhance productivity of workers.   He also enforced a law of ensuring that fair trade practices were being practiced as education and training was conducted so as to eliminate illiteracy among the workers of a company.The company’s should consider various factors when investing because the success of a company depends on them .For instance the workers of a company should be fairly treated they should not be unfairly discriminated against ,t hey should be properly remunerated so that they can not leave their company’s since this can affect their productivity and the reputation of a company can be affected due to the high rate of turnover of their employees.ReferencesWebsite http://www.businessLink.gov.UK/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCE8jter   accessed on 2nd May 2, 2008  Website  Ã‚   http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story-id=9767615   accessed on 2nd May 2, 2008Website  Ã‚   http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:OyvnSHhOd18J  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ACCESSED ON 2nd May 2, 2008Website  Ã‚   http://164.233.169.104/search?q=cache:-RHK5RrmMQJ  Ã‚   ACCESSED ON 2nd May 2, 2008

Views on Globalization

Views on Globalization Conversation is a very powerful tool when used correctly. Using conversation across cultures to solve issues and resolve conflict is something that Cosmopolitanism emphasizes in its ideology. Cosmopolitanism uses the basis of conversation as a root to solving conflicts, and learning to live in a multicultural society successfully. Cosmopolitanism is all about the understanding of others.Appiah states â€Å"I am urging that we should learn about people in other places, take an interest in their civilizations, their arguments, their errors, their achievements, not because that will bring us to agreement, but because it will help us get used to one another. If that is the aim, then the act that we have all these opportunities for disagreement about values need not put us off. Understand one another may be hard; it can certainly be interesting. But it doesn’t require that we come to agreement† (Appiah).Appiah is saying that according to Cosmopolitanis m, we can still have our disagreements about certain ideas, but come to an understanding of each other in order to appreciate their views. This idea of communication leads to a more harmonious society when people can come to a better understanding of each other. The aim of Cosmopolitanism is to live together in a more peaceful harmonious state and avoid unnecessary conflict. This idea when applied to the real world may not occur the way Appiah imagined, but there are definitely case studies in the real world where a lack of communication results in conflict.Many people in other countries and even U. S. natives share the stereotype that America tends to not always have the best international relations. They don’t always handle the situation in the best way. Franklin Foer, author of â€Å"How Soccer Explains the World†, believes that this opinion is divided and argues that the game of soccer explains this division. Foer believes that soccer has been a major influence on globalization through its gaining popularity in America and its age-old roots in Europe. Sports have always been a major part of most countries and influenced its cultures and societies.It has been said that sports are a symbolic ritual that explain cultural values. Foer argues that, â€Å"Soccer isn’t exactly pernicious, but it’s a symbol of the U. S. junking its tradition to â€Å"get with the rest of the world’s program. † Foer also believes the sport of soccer itself represents a binary division between two camps in the Globalization debate. The effects from globalization cause diversity, leaving homogeneity threatened. In the article, by Kwame Anthony Appiah, he discusses globalization in terms of contamination and the effects that it can have on cultures.When relating this article to the there are many comparisons when discussing what effects viewing other lifestyles can have on an individual. Both works of literature illustrate new ideas on worldv iews. By thinking globally, we are promoting ideas of diversity. There are certainly many opportunities available from globalization. The obvious is being open to new political and cultural differences. This means being able to compare our environment and lifestyle to those of other cultures. By considering other societies, it helps us to understand them.Ishmael's teachings extracted the idea that we should reach forward, and consider other societies and ways of living. Although, he relates it to the world of primitive and civilized, the idea is that having a broader view on different ways of living might alternatively make you change parts of your lifestyle. Many cultures fear the effects that globalization may have on their society. The distribution of wealth and knowledge over time causes increasing choices and more interdependencies.Communicating information is now more valued because of the knowledge that can be available from it and as civilized human beings we make the choice to keep accepting and reacting to the information that is being made available to us through globalization. Because the effects of this process are so strong, many people fear their identity is being threatened. They feel it is hard to adapt to any lifestyle changes and so they try to reject it (Appiah). The loss of identity is not threatened. â€Å"Cultures are made of continuities and changes and the identity of a society can survive through these changes† (Appiah).Most People who examine the effects of globalization recognize that it is giving both cultural and economics impacts everywhere its forces are manifested (Appiah). In fact, as Franklin Foer has suggested, even within the world of sports one finds that globalization confers advantages and disadvantages, shrinking and then expanding the world as disparate cultures come into contact with one another. Works Cited Appiah, Kwame Anthony. â€Å"Moral Disagreement. † Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Stranger s (2006): Foer, Franklin. â€Å"How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization. † (2004):

Harriet B. Tubman essays

Harriet B. Tubman essays Harriet B. Tubmans original name was Harriet Ross. Harriet was born in Dorchester County, Maryland in 1820. Her parents were from the Ashanti tribe of West Africa, and they worked as slaves on the Brodas plantation. Harriet started doing slave work at the age of. Harriet as a slave was a hard worker, but she was very defiant and rebellious. At the age of 15 she tried helping a runaway slave run away but she was then hit by an overseer on the head and fell into a serious coma. In 1844 Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman. Harriet was still a slave but she was able stay in Johns cabin during the night. Harriets plantation owner had now passed away, so with the fear of being sold to another slave owner she ran away to the underground railroad. She later settled and lived in Philadelphia. Harriet had plans to come back for her parents and her other family to help them escape. A year after Harriet escaped she came back for her sisters family and after helping them escape she got her brothers and took them to the North. In 1857 Harriet had come for her parents. After doing so she settled them in Auburn, New York. Now Harriet earned a price on her head and there was a reward for her capture. Along with that she had a new title to her name. She was known as the Moses of her People. Harriet made 19 trips on the underground railroad and in all freed more than 300 slaves. Harriet later worked in Washington DC as a government nurse. Sadly to say in on March 10, 1913 Harriet had died of pneumonia. But happily Harriet was not afraid to fight for the rights of African Americans. She had great dedication and inspiration on many people and she was honored by many people. ...

Anorexia Nervosa Research Essays

Anorexia Nervosa Research Essays Anorexia Nervosa Research Essay Anorexia Nervosa Research Essay The mental health problem that I researched was anorexia nervosa. I had always heard about the eating disorder but I learned a lot of new and surprising things. I always thought that close friends and family members would know right away if a person had anorexia. However, I learned that these friends and family members notice that something is wrong as the person develops anorexia. Another thing that I learned is that anorexia nervosa makes people lose more weight than what is considered healthy for their height and age. I knew that anorexia was when a person was underweight compared to the average person. However, I never knew that anorexia was when people were thinner than the average person their height and age. Height and age is an important factor when defining anorexia and I was able to learn the exact definition of anorexia. Anorexia is a deadly eating disorder and is a major issue. People with anorexia are probably constantly afraid and stressed. They are afraid because they fear of gaining weight. They will always be haunted by the hought that they are too fat and have to lose weight right away. Thus, these people will always be stressed out because they wont be happy with themselves and will be pressured to lose weight. People who do not know the exact definition of anorexia probably look down at people with anorexia. These people believe that anorexia is a disgusting eating disorder and can be overcome easily. So they are annoyed with anorexic people who are suffering because they think that it is possible to recover from anorexia easily. However, that is not true. Sometimes if an extremely thin person walks by, some bystanders think That person is so skinny! They should gain weight because they Just look horrible! In reality though, it is really hard for anorexic people to overcome their eating disorder. It takes a lot of treatment, effort, and time. Thus, these bystanders do not even know the hardships that anorexic people have to go through but they say rude comments. If they knew about the eating disorder, they would know that it is a serious illness. It is not something to make Jokes out of or make fun of.

MGT501 - Management and Organizational Behavior Mod 5 SLP Essay

MGT501 - Management and Organizational Behavior Mod 5 SLP - Essay Example That made the results of this survey quite interesting to me. Starting with leadership profile, it came out as participative or democratic. I was not too surprised with that. I have taken these a few times in the past and they usually come out that way. It is said, that good leaders use all three styles which would include authoritative and declarative and certainly I can think of times that those are useful too. However, I believe that employee buy in is very important to success and that usually shows. This seems to be the way to have a department that is always functioning at its best. There are things that I know well about the job and things they know well. There is a much better chance we will be successful as a team. My strengths are related to getting the most out of my employees by asking for and using the ideas that they have. Involving them in some of the decision making and allowing them to come up with and use good ideas make process change much easier also. I help my employees grow. This type of leadership can get out of hand if the leader is not aware when they are leaning on the employees to much. They employees must still see this person as a leader with some power. People will not follow a leader that has not power. The organizational survey answered all of my questions. It is an autocratic workplace. Wouldnt you know it? Seems to make sense that we are always out of sync now. It appears I have a good reason to look for a job in another culture which is what I have been thinking for awhile. It appears that what I believe about employees and what the organization believes are the direct opposite as they like to tell them what to do and do not seek buy in. This is pretty old fashioned in its method of driving an organization. I have been here about a year and when I interviewed, the organization presented itself quite differently. These kinds of surveys

Frankfurt Thesis presented on Bullshit, Why is this of Particular Essay

Frankfurt Thesis presented on Bullshit, Why is this of Particular Importance to Public Affairs - Essay Example According to Frankfurt (2005) the thesis is used to help people to develop integrity and honest in whatever they do. Bullshit if practised to a larger extent make the country to lag behind in the area of development hence people need to avoid such act so that to improve the public affairs of he country . In business such practice is also common where business people cheat their customers to help them make a lot of profit. Government official to some extent have also embraced bullshit and in turn it has made people to loose trust for them. Citizens at the end of the day prefer private firms than governmental since in private sectors the rate of bullshit is low. In courts people use bullshit for them to be in a position to win a case, they hire lawyers whom they believe they are good at making stories hence they fake stories. The person may be guilty of a particular crime but because of bullshit they are claimed to be innocent in such cases some people end up suffering since justice is not granted. Frankfurt (2005) states that bullshit is great concern in the country since it may bring it down or take it up in terms of development. Children in most cases practice bullshit to avoid being punished by their parents. Politicians practice this to help them win the votes especially during elections in most countries. The politicians promise so much good things of which none is accomplished by the end of their time in the leadership. In relationships, bullshit is also practiced especially by the partners who are not faithful to each other; one may claim to love another just because of money and not on the basis of true love. This act has been promoted by the use of mobile phones where someone may say he is at a certain yet he is lying. In conclusion bullshit should be discouraged for the country to develop to a greater extent. Some cultures promote bullshit hence people should be enlightened and warned against such cultures and traditions. Bullshit in most cases is prac ticed in places where dirty things are done especially during odd hours since this practice should illegal. Children should be brought up in the right manner and discipline given I case they go an extra mile to practice bullshit. "Lie down for America" the Role of Ideology in Frank's Article, Does it Apply to Canadian Politics? Ideologies are assumptions that are neither right nor wrong, in most cases they have both the merits and the demerits for one to put into practice a certain ideology then he should weigh the if the merits outweigh the demerits . In several countries like Canada several ideologies have been used in various aspects especially politically, most of the politicians come up with ideologies and convince them citizens to go for them. As much as the ideology may be embraced by some people others may view it as a wrong thing hence fight against it. In some countries voting is used for an ideology to be put in place, if the majorities are for the ideology then it is put in. Choosing an ideology is subjective hence one may choose to be against it hence he should not be forced to go for the ideology as much as it may be good and of importance. Frank (2004) states that ideologies have been applied in several sectors in Canada, ideologies such as multiculturalism, peace making and sovereignty control were embraced. Ideologies play several roles in the society since it serve as an